The resonator of a solid-state vibratory gyro is responsible for sensing angular motion. Frequency splitting of an axisymmetric-shell resonator is a common problem caused by manufacturing defects. The defect causes a frequency difference between two working modes which consist of two nodes and two antinodes. The difference leads to the loss of gyroscopic effect, and thus the resonator cannot se...

curls and curves of a shell interweave its various strain modes and link them together. this interactional behavior has yet frustrated all attempts for the construction of shell templates, which needs for an individual element test in traditional approaches. such a test fails to work for shell elements and must be reconstructed. in this paper, it is tried to study shell interactional behavior a...

Composite axisymmetric shells have numerous applications; many researchers have taken advantage of the general shell element or the semi-analytical formulation to analyze these structures. The present study is devoted to the nonlinear analysis of composite axisymmetric shells by using a 1D three nodded axisymmetric shell element. Both low and higher-order shear deformations are included in the ...

The Lithium Tokamak eXperiment is a spherical tokamak with a close-fitting low-recycling wall composed of thin lithium layers evaporated onto a stainless steel-lined copper shell. Long-lived non-axisymmetric eddy currents are induced in the shell and vacuum vessel by transient plasma and coil currents and these eddy currents influence both the plasma and the magnetic diagnostic signals that are...

One of the common failure modes of thin cylindrical shell subjected external pressure is buckling. The buckling pressure of these shell structures are dominantly affected by the geometrical imperfections present in the cylindrical shell which are very difficult to alleviate during manufacturing process. In this work, only three types of geometrical imperfection patterns are considered namely (a...

The problem of a thin spherical linearly-elastic shell, perfectly bonded to an infinite linearly-elastic medium is considered. A constant axisymmetric stress field is applied at infinity in the matrix, and the displacement and stress fields in the shell and matrix are evaluated by means of harmonic potential functions. In order to examine the stability of this solution, the buckling problem of ...

The behavior of an exponentially graded hybrid cylindrical shell subjected to an axisymmetric thermo-electro-mechanical loading placed in a constant magnetic field is investigated. The hybrid shell is consisted of a functionally graded host layer  embedded with pyroelectric layers as sensor and/or actuator  that can be imperfectly bonded to the inner and the outer surfaces of a shell. The shell...

Curls and curves of a shell interweave its various strain modes and link them together. This interactional behavior has yet frustrated all attempts for the construction of shell templates, which needs for an individual element test in traditional approaches. Such a test fails to work for shell elements and must be reconstructed. In this paper, it is tried to study shell interactional behavior a...

In this article, the axisymmetric mechanical buckling of thin cylindrical shell made of functionally graded material (FGM) is considered. The governing equations for a thin cylinder based on the first-order shell theory and Timoshenko's assumptions are obtained. The equations are derived using the Sanders simplified kinematic relations and the principle of work and energy. The constituent mater...

A study is presented of the post-buckling behavior and imperfection-sensitivity of complete spherical shells subject to uniform external pressure. The study builds on and extends the major contribution to spherical shell buckling by W.T. Koiter in the 1960’s. Numerical results are presented for the axisymmetric large deflection behavior of perfect spheres followed by an extensive analysis of th...